用shell脚本实现通用二进制格式mysql 5.5.28 x86_64的安装
首先在网上用gfsoso.com来搜索下载mysql软件包mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz，再用
winSCP把mysql上传到服务器上，上传位置可根据个人喜好，我个人一般放在服务器的/usr/local/src目录下。
此处我们是先命令行下实现一次，而后所有操作全部用shell脚本自动实现。
个人环境 centos 6.5 X86-64 所用空闲空间都做成了LVM。
准备工作：
- 1. 为mysql服务器创建mysql用户和组，此处我们创建一个用户id和组id都是306 的mysql名。mysql不能登陆系统。
[[email protected] src]# groupadd -g 306 mysql
[[email protected] src]# useradd -g306 -u 306 -r -s /bin/nologin mysql
[[email protected]st src]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:306:306::/home/mysql:/bin/nologin
2.Mysql数据库管理软件是用来存放数据的，因此需要为mysql创建一个存放数据的位置，此处我们就把数据存放在/mysql/data目录中。/mysql挂载到一个逻辑卷上。
a.查看服务器中卷组信息，根据卷组中剩余空间我们来给定mysql数据指定空间。
[[email protected]]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_lvm
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 49.97 GiB
PE Size 32.00 MiB
Total PE 1599
Alloc PE / Size 800 / 25.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 799 / 24.97 GiB 发现可用空间有25G左右
VG UUID 3kConY-xNOG-sHdX-xopC-Ndee-toj1-zzdIVA
我们来给mysql存放的数据空间容量为5G
[[email protected]]# lvcreate -n data -L 5G /dev/vg_lvm
Logical volume "data" created
[[email protected]]# mkdir /mysql
使用lvdisplay查看逻辑卷是否创建成功
[[email protected]]# lvdisplay
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
--- Logical volume---
LV Path /dev/vg_lvm/data
LV Name data
VG Name vg_lvm
LV UUID nYkURv-67Av-ST1L-05EL-rhGA-Dt1V-Rfl1cA
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain,2014-12-01 22:15:26 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 160
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
我们发现创建成功了，此时我们来格式化创建的逻辑卷
[[email protected]]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_lvm/data
mke2fs 1.41.12(17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096(log=2)
Fragment size=4096(log=2)
Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes,1310720 blocks
65536 blocks(5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystemblocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks pergroup, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes pergroup
Superblock backupsstored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912,819200, 884736
Writing inodetables: done
Creating journal(32768 blocks): done
Writingsuperblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystemwill be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days,whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or-i to override.
格式化成功
注意：此处写脚本时，应该让其睡眠一会
把创建的逻辑卷挂载到/mysql上，并让其开机后可以自动挂载，我们把挂载信息放到/etc/fstab文件上。
[[email protected]]# mount /dev/vg_lvm/data /mysql
[[email protected]]# vim /etc/fstab
把
/dev/vg_lvm /mysql ext4 defaults 0 0添加到尾部
让系统读取/etc/fstab文件
[[email protected]]# mount -a
mount: /dev/vg_lvmis not a block device
挂载设备写错了修改
/dev/vg_lvm/data /mysql ext4 defaults 0 0
此时在执行Mount -a
[[email protected]]# ls /mysql/
lost+found
创建数据目录
[[email protected]]# mkdir /mysql/data
因此目录是给mysql用的，所以把权限改为mysql用户和组，由于是mysql使用，其他用户应该不给予任何权限操作。
[[email protected]]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql/data
[[email protected]]# chmod o=- /mysql/data
[[email protected]]# ls -ld /mysql/data/
drwxr-x---. 2mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:34/mysql/data/
此时就可以进入操作mysql了
- 1. 解压下载的mysql通用二进制格式的包到/usr/local目录下（是官方的要求）
[[email protected] src]# ls
mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar xf mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
我们来为解压的mysql创建软连接
[[email protected]]#ln -sv mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64/ mysql
`mysql‘ ->`mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64/‘
2．初始化mysql，需要使用mysql用户，在解压的目录下有一个INSTALL-BINARY文件，里面介绍了完整的安装mysql的说明
查看一下此文件
[[email protected]~]# vim INSTALL-BINARY
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
shell> groupaddmysql
shell> useradd-r -g mysql mysql
shell> cd/usr/local
shell> tar zxvf/path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -sfull-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -Rmysql .
shell> chgrp -Rmysql .
shell>scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -Rroot .
shell> chown -Rmysql data
# Next command isoptional
shell> cpsupport-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
shell>bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command isoptional
shell> cpsupport-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
A more detailed version of the precedingdescription for
installing a binary distribution follows.
Note
This procedure assumes that you have root(administrator) access
to your system. Alternatively, you canprefix each command using
the sudo (Linux) or pfexec (OpenSolaris)command.
The procedure does not set up any passwordsfor MySQL accounts.
After following the procedure, proceed toSection 2.10,
"Postinstallation Setup andTesting."
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
更多信息可以自己去查看
[[email protected]]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/*
[[email protected]]# ls -l mysql/
total 76
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 17987 Aug 29 2012 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 include
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 7604 Aug 29 2012 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 man
drwxr-xr-x. 10mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2552 Aug 29 2012 README
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 scripts
drwxr-xr-x. 27mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 share
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 1 22:41 support-files
在scripts目录下有mysql的初始化脚本
查看有什么选项
[[email protected]]# scripts/mysql_install_db --help
Usage:scripts/mysql_install_db [OPTIONS]
--basedir=path The path to the MySQL installationdirectory.
--builddir=path If using --srcdir with out-of-directorybuilds, you
will need to set this tothe location of the build
directory where builtfiles reside.
--cross-bootstrap For internal use. Used when building the MySQL system
tables on a differenthost than the target.
--datadir=path The path to the MySQL data directory.
--defaults-extra-file=name
Read this file after theglobal files are read.
--defaults-file=name Only read defaultoptions from the given file name.
--force Causes mysql_install_db to runeven if DNS does not
work. In that case, grant table entries thatnormally
use hostnames will useIP addresses.
--help Display this help and exit.
--ldata=path The path to the MySQL data directory.Same as --datadir.
--no-defaults Don‘t read default options from anyoption file.
--rpm For internal use. This option is used by RPM files
during the MySQLinstallation process.
--skip-name-resolve Use IP addresses rather than hostnames whencreating
grant tableentries. This option can be useful if
your DNS does not work.
--srcdir=path The path to the MySQL sourcedirectory. This option
uses the compiledbinaries and support files within the
source tree, useful forif you don‘t want to install
MySQL yet and just wantto create the system tables.
--user=user_name The login username to use for runningmysqld. Files
and directories createdby mysqld will be owned by this
user. You must be root to use this option. By default
mysqld runs using yourcurrent login name and files and
directories that itcreates will be owned by you.
All other optionsare passed to the mysqld program
此处我们使用
[[email protected]]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/data/
Installing MySQLsystem tables...
OK
Filling helptables...
OK
To start mysqld atboot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.serverto the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TOSET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, startthe server, then issue the following commands:
./bin/mysqladmin-u root password ‘new-password‘
./bin/mysqladmin-u root -h localhost.localdomain password ‘new-password‘
Alternatively youcan run:
./bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will alsogive you the option of removing the test
databases andanonymous user created by default. Thisis
stronglyrecommended for production servers.
See the manual formore instructions.
You can start theMySQL daemon with:
cd . ;./bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test theMySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd ./mysql-test ;perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report anyproblems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script!
初始化过程非常详细，且接下来操作也都显示出来了
初始化完成后，记住mysql的安装目录/usr/local/mysql下各文件的属组不应该给mysql用户，如果出现mysql被人攻破时，将获得整个文件的权限，所以一般把此目录改为root.
[[email protected]]# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/*
下mysql.server是mysql的启动脚本，把它复制到/etc/init.d/目录下即可
[[email protected]]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
加入到启动列表中
[[email protected]]# chkconfig --add mysqld
查看开机是否自动启动
[[email protected]]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
此时还不能启动mysql，我们来为mysql提供配置文件，其配置文件在/etc/my.cnf,在安装目录support-files下给我们提供了
MySQL：配置文件格式, 是集中式配置文件，可以为多个程序提供配置
[mysql] 客户端全局配置
。。。。
[mysqld] 服务器端全局配置
。。。。
[client] 对于所有的客户端程序都生效配置
。。。。
配置文件路径可以有多个路径
查找顺序依次为：
/etc/my.cnf -->/etc/mysql/my.cnf --> $BASEDIR/my.cnf --> ~/.my.cnf
$BASEDIR mysql实例的运行目录，一般为安装目录
是以最后查找到的配置为标准的。还有就算没有配置文件mysql也可以运行，因为mysql的很多配置都是默认定义的
[[email protected]]# ls support-files/
binary-configure magic my-medium.cnf mysql.server
config.huge.ini my-huge.cnf my-small.cnf ndb-config-2-node.ini
config.medium.ini my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysqld_multi.server
config.small.ini my-large.cnf mysql-log-rotate
有多种格式 my-medium|huge|small....conf是以内存大小来分的，有兴趣可以自己查看
[[email protected]]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]添加一项，指定mysql的数据目录
datadir =/sqldata/data
把执行路径添加到PATH
[[email protected]]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
执行此脚本
[[email protected]]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
启动mysql
[[email protected]]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL...SUCCESS!
[[email protected]]# mysql
Welcome to theMySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or\g.
Your MySQLconnection id is 1
Server version:5.5.28-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c)2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is aregistered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Othernames may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \q
Bye
导出二进制文件、导出库文件、导出头文件、导出man文件不是一定要做的，可以根据需要自己系统环境要求选择导出相应的目录
mysql帮助文档目录
[[email protected]]# ls /usr/local/mysql/man/
man1 man8
输出mysql的帮助文件，编辑/etc/man.config
在MANPATH那行添加mysql的man路径
#
# Everyautomatically generated MANPATH includes these fields
#
MANPATH /usr/man
MANPATH/usr/share/man
MANPATH/usr/local/man
MANPATH/usr/local/share/man
MANPATH/usr/X11R6/man
添加MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
输出mysql的库文件
[[email protected]]# ls /usr/local/mysql/lib/
在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/下面新增一个mysql.conf文件，把mysql的库文件路径添加到mysql.conf中。
再执行ldconfig -v使其生效 -v是显示过程的，让系统重新读取库文件到缓存中，系统的缓存文件
为/etc/ld.so.cache
[[email protected]]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[[email protected]]# ldconfig -v
输出头文件，用创建连接的方式实现
[[email protected]]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
`/usr/include/mysql‘-> `/usr/local/mysql/include‘
[[email protected]]# ls /usr/include/mysql/
decimal.h my_compiler.h my_net.h mysql.h plugin.h
errmsg.h my_config.h my_pthread.h mysql_time.h sql_common.h
。。。。。。
完成了
脚本实现
#!/bin/bash
#current derectoryis /usr/local/
#Automation mysqlinstallation
groupadd -g 306mysql
useradd -g 306 -u306 -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
lvcreate -n data-L 10G /dev/vg_lvm > /dev/null
mkdir /mysql
mkfs -t ext4/dev/vg_lvm/data >/dev/null
sleep 3
mount/dev/vg_lvm/data /mysql
echo"/dev/vg_lvm/data /mysql ext4 defaults 00">>/etc/fstab
mount -a
mkdir /mysql/data
chown -Rmysql.mysql /mysql/data
chmod -R o=-/mysql/data
tar xf/usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
sleep 10
ln -sv/usr/local/mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql >/dev/null
chown -Rmysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/*
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/data/ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql >/dev/null
sleep 3
chown -R root/usr/local/mysql/*
cp/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --addmysqld
[ -e /etc/my.cnf ]&& rm -f /etc/my.cnf ] && cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf/etc/my.cnf -f
sed -i‘/^\[mysqld\]/a datadir=/mysql/data‘ /etc/my.cnf
echo"PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
./etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
service mysqldstart >/dev/null
sleep 2
mysql
有什么漏掉了，希望可以帮忙指正 谢谢